Before we delve into data and its uses, the following diagram
will describe the different parts of a URI:
The query element is the part of the URI from which we retrieve the data. Query data
is composed of a series of key-value pairs each separated by an ampersand.
The first query value we will look at is option. This value determines the
component being requested. Component names are always prefixed with com_. In
this example, we access the component named example:
http://www.example.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_example
The menus are the primary means by which users navigate the Joomla! interface.
Menus consist of a number of menu items, each of which defines a link to a component
(internal) or a URI (external). We can also modify menu items by changing parameters
specific to the chosen component, and assigning templates to them.
A unique ID identifies every menu item. The ID enables us to invoke a component
without using the query option value. Instead, we can use the Itemid query value.
This value also serves a secondary purpose; when the menu item ID is known, the
menu item can be highlighted and any submenu items are displayed (depending on
the exact setup of the installation).
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