Equivalents for Nouns.+
1. Pronoun: [John gave _his_ father a book for Christmas].
2. Adjective: [The _good_ alone are truly great].
3. Adverb: [I do not understand the _whys_ and _wherefores_ of the
process].
4. A gerund, or infinitive in _ing_: [_Seeing_ is _believing_].
5. An infinitive or infinitive phrase: [With him, _to think_ is _to
act_].
6. Clause: [It is hard for me to believe _that she took the money_]. Noun
clauses may be used as subject, object, attribute complement, and
appositive.
7. A prepositional phrase: [_Over the fence_ is out].
PRONOUNS
+30. Antecedent.+--The most common equivalent for a noun is the pronoun.
The substantive for which the pronoun is an equivalent is called the
_antecedent_, and with this antecedent the pronoun must agree in _person,
number_, and _gender_, but not necessarily in _case_.
+31. Classes of Pronouns.+--Pronouns are commonly divided into five
classes, and sometimes a sixth class is added: (1) personal pronouns, (2)
relative pronouns, (3) interrogative pronouns, (4) demonstrative pronouns,
(5) adjective pronouns,(6) indefinite pronouns (not always added).
+32. Personal Pronouns.+--Personal pronouns are so called because they
show by their form whether they refer to the first, the second, or the
third person. There are five personal pronouns in common use: _I, you, he,
she_, and _it_.
+33. Constructions of Personal Pronouns.
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