6. An enthymeme is a syllogism with but one premise expressed.
7. Errors of deduction arise--
_a._ If terms are not used throughout with the same meaning.
_b._ If the major premise does not make a statement about every member
of the class denoted by the middle term.
_c._ If either premise is false.
8. Belief in a specific proposition may arise--
_a._ Because of the presentation of evidence which is true and
pertinent.
_b._ Because of a belief in some general principle or theory which
applies to it.
In arguing therefore we--
_a._ Present true and pertinent facts, or evidence; or
_b._ Appeal directly to general theories, or by means of facts, maxims,
allusions, inferences, or the quoting of authorities, seek to call
up such theories.
9. Classes of arguments:--
_a._ Arguments from cause.
_b._ Arguments from sign and attendant circumstances.
_c._ Arguments from example and analogy.
10. Arrangement.
_a._ Arguments from cause should precede arguments from sign, and
arguments from sign should precede arguments from example.
_b._ Inductive arguments usually precede deductive arguments.
_c._ Arguments should be arranged with reference to climax.
_d._ Arguments should be arranged, when possible, in a coherent order.
11. In making a brief the above principles of arrangement should be
observed. Attention should be given to unity so that the trivial and false
may be excluded.
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