+Theme CXVII.+--_State a proposition and write the direct argument._
+Theme CXVIII.+--_Exchange theme CXVII for one written by a classmate and
write the refutation of the arguments in the theme you receive._
(Theme CXVII and the corresponding Theme CXVIII should be read before the
class.)
SUMMARY
1. Argument is that form of discourse which attempts to prove the truth of
a proposition.
2. Inductive reasoning is that process by which from many individual cases
we establish the probable truth of a general proposition.
3. The establishing of a general truth by induction requires--
_a._ That there be a large number of facts, circumstances, or specific
instances supporting it.
_b._ That these facts be true.
_c._ That they be pertinent.
_d._ That there be no facts proving the truth of the contrary
proposition.
4. Deductive reasoning is that process which attempts to prove the truth
of a specific proposition by showing that a general theory applies to it.
5. The establishing of the truth of a specific proposition by deductive
reasoning requires--
_a._ A major premise that makes an affirmation about _all_ the members
of a class.
_b._ A minor premise that states that the individual under consideration
belongs to the class named.
_c._ A conclusion that states that the affirmation made about the class
applies to the individual. These three statements constitute a
syllogism.
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