This would hopefully be in the error correction capability of the FEC scheme chosen.
Block-type interleaving methods are used in communications systems, for example in the 3GPP cellular
block interleaving.
In designing interleavers one must take into consideration the largest burst of errors the communication
system can reliably handle. It can often happen that the interleaver cannot fully randomize
the bursty errors and thus present the FEC decoder with an input signal that contains a number of
errors that is larger than the error correction capability of the code word. In this case you either accept
the errors and hope the system operating procedures (i.e., upper layers) mitigate this or increase the
block size at the expense of longer time delays or finally use a higher error correcting FEC code.
Retransmission techniques are also available. In this case if an error is determined the same packet of
data can be retransmitted and potentially combined with the previous packet (i.e., Chase combining)
or certain data and additional parity bits are retransmitted and combined with the previous packet (i.e.,
incremental redundancy combining). As you would expect, there are quite a few options available to
the communication system designer.
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